Still, other polls have tracked increased support for Ukraine, including a July survey by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs that found six in 10 Americans backed US military and economic assistance for Kyiv – higher than in March.
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Against that backdrop, the Trump administration last week released a document that envisaged a very different role for the US on the world stage. The new National Security Strategy sets out a US vision that prioritises “re-establishing strategic stability with Russia” and seeking the most expeditious end to the Ukraine war, rather than the most favourable or just. It is a US that reserves its harshest criticism for European allies who have embraced net zero, mass migration and the central bureaucracy of the European Union.
At its most extreme, the document says US foreign policy in Europe should prioritise “cultivating resistance to Europe’s current trajectory within European nations”, a clear endorsement of far-right nationalist parties which espouse the great replacement theory and want to crush Brussels’ centralised power.
“We want Europe to remain European, to regain its civilisational self-confidence and to abandon its failed focus on regulatory suffocation,” the strategy states.
Justin Logan, director of defence and foreign policy at the libertarian Cato Institute, says if the EU thought it won a reprieve from the Trump administration after NATO allies agreed to hike defence spending to 5 per cent of gross domestic product, the new strategy was a reminder that’s not necessarily the case.
Speaking at the Reagan Defence Forum, the top Democrat on the House of Representatives armed services committee, Adam Smith, wondered whether Trump now stood apart from his base on foreign policy issues, particularly when it came to Ukraine and Russia.
US President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping after their summit meeting in South Korea on October 30.Credit: AP
‘There’s every indication … that Trump wants some kind of grand deal with China.’
Justin Logan, Cato Institute
“If you read the National Security Strategy … it doesn’t seem that Trump is with the MAGA people in terms of being able to show strength on Ukraine,” Smith said. “He has shown nothing but weakness to Vladimir Putin, and Putin has exploited that.”
Indeed, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told Russian state television that the changes to US strategy in the document “correspond in many ways to our vision”. How’s that for an endorsement?
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In the Indo-Pacific, most analysts see the new strategy as taking a softer approach to China’s rise – one that is much more concerned with trade and economics than Chinese aggression in the region. Indeed, it prioritises building a “mutually advantageous economic relationship” between Beijing and Washington.
“China is no longer framed as a systemic challenge with a vision of world order that is incompatible with US interests,” says the Council on Foreign Relations’ David Sacks.
Sacks points out a seemingly small but potentially significant change to the document’s language on Taiwan. Whereas the Joe Biden-era manifesto said the US “opposes” any unilateral changes to the status quo, Trump weakened the position to “does not support” any such changes. “This shift is baffling,” Sacks writes.
But the strategy does not take the additional step of declaring the US “opposes” Taiwanese independence – something Beijing has reportedly pressured Trump to do. The long-standing US position is that it “does not support” independence for Taiwan. The new NSS does not mention Taiwanese independence at all.
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“That’s something to watch for,” Logan says. “The administration itself has been somewhat less hawkish on China than you might have expected … it has not been a sort of fire-breathing, unidirectional hostile policy. There’s every indication in the NSS and elsewhere that Trump wants some kind of grand deal with China.”
The president has been almost deliberately flippant on Taiwan, dismissing the notion of any move by Beijing. That’s despite Xi Jinping telling Trump in their most recent phone call that Taiwan’s return to China was “an integral part of the postwar international order”, according to China’s Foreign Affairs Ministry.
This distance from and indifference to the big geopolitical questions of the era seems at odds with what most Americans want – if we believe the aforementioned polls.
The reality, as always, is probably in the middle. Americans are likely less gung-ho about US intervention in overseas affairs than the Reagan polling suggests, and Trump is likely more hawkish than he lets on. He has insisted Xi “knows the consequences” of any infringement on Taiwan.
At any rate, Logan cautions against putting too much stock in a document that represents a hodgepodge of thinking from government institutions – Defence, State, the National Security Council – at a time when policy is largely set by the whims of an unpredictable actor in the Oval Office.
“Trump hasn’t read it, he’s not going to read it, and he’s not going to be constrained by it,” Logan says. “If he wakes up one morning and decides he wants to do the exact opposite … he’s going to do that.”
Michael Koziol is the North America correspondent for The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald.
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