Updated ,first published
Four Australians are stranded on a luxury cruise ship being held off West Africa after three passengers died in a suspected outbreak of the deadly hantavirus.
The cruise operator confirmed the Australians were among 149 people on board, from 23 countries. The Dutch-flagged MV Hondius remains moored off the coast of Cape Verde in West Africa as local health authorities assess the situation.
Medics were working on Monday (Cape Verde time) to evacuate two people with symptoms. A Dutch couple and a German national have died, authorities said.
The World Health Organisation said on Monday that a total seven cases of hantavirus – two laboratory-confirmed and five suspected – had been identified. One patient was critically ill, and three others were reporting mild symptoms, WHO said.
Hantavirus, which can cause fatal respiratory illness, can be spread when particles from rodent droppings or urine become airborne. It does not transfer easily between humans.
There are no specific drugs to treat the disease, so treatment focuses on supportive care, including putting patients on ventilators in severe cases.
WHO said the risk to the wider public was low and there was no need for panic or travel restrictions. But authorities in the island nation of Cape Verde said they had not allowed the MV Hondius to dock as a precaution.
“We’re not just headlines: we’re people with families, with lives, with people waiting for us at home,” Jake Rosmarin, a US travel blogger, said in a tearful Instagram video post from the ship on Monday.
“There is a lot of uncertainty and that is the hardest part,” he said.
A spokesperson for the ship’s Netherlands-based operator, Oceanwide Expeditions, said that, as a precaution, all passengers were instructed to remain inside their cabins to prevent any potential spread of the virus. Although human-to-human transmission is rare, the incubation period can last several weeks, meaning some people may not yet be showing symptoms.
“The atmosphere on board … remains calm, with passengers generally composed,” Oceanwide said in statement, adding it was working to reassure guests and expedite their disembarkation and medical screening.
Oceanwide was trying to arrange the repatriation of two crew members with symptoms of the disease – one British and one Dutch – along with the body of the German national and a “guest closely associated with the deceased” who does not have symptoms. The company said it was looking into whether passengers could be screened and disembarked on the islands of Las Palmas and Tenerife.
Spanish authorities said they had not yet received a request for the ship to dock and disembark passengers there. The Dutch Foreign Affairs Ministry, which Oceanwide Expeditions said would be the one making the request, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
The Hondius left Ushuaia in southern Argentina in March, according to company documentation, on a voyage marketed as an Antarctic nature expedition, with berth prices ranging from €14,000 to €22,000 ($23,000-$36,000).
It travelled past mainland Antarctica, the Falklands, South Georgia, Nightingale Island, Tristan, St Helena, and Ascension before reaching Cape Verdean waters on May 3.
South Africa’s Health Department confirmed two of the dead were Dutch nationals: a 70-year-old man, who died on St Helena on April 11, and his wife, 69, who died in South Africa after collapsing at O.R. Tambo International Airport.
The British man being treated in a private clinic in Johannesburg became ill on April 27, while the German victim on the ship died on May 2, Oceanwide Expeditions said.
Hantavirus usually begins with flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue and fever, one to eight weeks after exposure. A spokesperson for the RIVM said the source of the outbreak was unclear.
“You could imagine, for example, that rats on board the ship transmitted the virus,” he said.
“But another possibility is that during a stop somewhere in South America, people were infected, for instance via mice, and became ill that way.”
Daniel Bausch, a visiting professor at the Geneva Graduate Institute in Switzerland, said there was some evidence of human-to-human transmission of the Andes Virus, a species of hantavirus found in Argentina and Chile.
“So it’s significant that this cruise ship started its journey in Argentina,” he said.
“The good news is … this is not going to be a big outbreak,” he said.
